Gurpal Toor

The published scientific journal articles (total: 117) are organized into the following seven tabs. The first tab includes all publications and the subsequent six tabs are organized based on the topic areas:  Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Carbon, General water quality, Trace metals, and Organic contaminants. Note that 9 articles are listed across topic areas due to the broader scope of these publications.

• For a complete and updated publication list, consult Google Scholar

• For obtaining PDF copies of publications, click on the article title to or consult ResearchGate

*Graduate student; ** Postdoctoral researcher/scientist

Peer-reviewed articles (total published: 117):

• For a complete and updated publication list, consult Google Scholar

• For obtaining PDF copies of publications, click on the article title or consult ResearchGate

*Graduate student; ** Postdoctoral researcher/scientist

117. Ji, W., Y. Liu, J. Wang, G.S. Toor, X. He, & Z. Li. 2024. Multiple isotopes reveal the impact of land use change on nitrate transport and transformation in deep loess deposits. Journal of Hydrology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131056

116. Mosesso, L.R., M.S. Reiter, K.G. Scheckel, N.M. Fiorellino, G.S. Toor, & A.L. Shober. 2024. Phosphorus speciation in manure and fertilizer impacted Mid-Atlantic coastal plain soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20556

115. Lucas, E., B. Kennedy, T. Roswall, C. Burgis, & G.S. Toor. 2023. Climate Change Effects on Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Land to Water: A Review. Current Pollution Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-023-00282-7 

114. Krevh, V., L. Filipovic, D. Petosic, I. Mustac, I. Bogunovic, J. Butorac, I. Kisic, J. Defterdarovic, Z. Nakic, Z. Kovac, P. Pereira, H. He, R. Chen, G. S. Toor, A. Versini, T. Baumgartl, & V. Filipovi´c. 2023. Long-term analysis of soil water regime and nitrate dynamics at agricultural experimental site: Field-scale monitoring and numerical modeling using HYDRUS-1D. Agricultural Water Management, 275, 108039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.108039

113. Filipovic, L., V. Krevh, R. Chen, J. Defterdarovic, Z. Kovac, I. Mustac, I. Bogunovic, H. He, T. Baumgartl, H. Gerke, G. S. Toor, & V. Filipovic. 2023. Quantification of Intra- vs. Inter-Row Leaching of Major Plant Nutrients in Sloping Vineyard Soils. Water, 15, 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040759

112. *Lucas, E., L. Mosesso, T. Roswall, Y-Y. Yang, K. Scheckel, A. Shober, & G.S. Toor. 2022. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy reveals phosphate minerals at surface and agronomic sampling depths in agricultural Ultisols saturated with legacy phosphorus. Chemosphere, 308, 136288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136288

111. *Roswall, T., B.E. Haggard, & G.S. Toor. 2022. Fate and transformations of dissolved phosphorus forms in runoff: Effect of poultry litter and products extracted with variable water extraction ratios. Chemosphere, 308, 136220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136220  

110. Spargo, J. T., Lyons, S. E., Clark, J. D., Osmond, D. L., Parvej, R. Md., Pearce, A. W., Slaton, N. A., Saffire, D., Alford, S., Allen, T., Arnall, B., Buob, T., Camberato, J. J., Cardon, G., Culman, S, W., Davenport, J. R., Fernandez, F. G., Florence, R., Flynn, R., Franzen, D., Geisseler, D., Grove, J., Hardy, D., Heckman, J., Hopkins, B., Hoskins, B., Hue, N. V., Huluka, G., Jones, C., Jones, K., Kaiser, D. E., Kalmbach, B., Ketterings, Q. M., Laboski, C. A. M., Lessl, J., Lucas, E., Maguire, R., Mahler, R., Mallerino, A., Margenot, A., McGrath, J. M., Miller, R., Moore, A. D., Morris, T. F., Mylavarapu, R., Nathan, M., Nelson, N. O., Norton, J., Pena-Yewtukhiw, E., Pettinelli, D., Provin, T., Radin, A., Ross, D., Saunders, O., Self, J., Shober, A. L., Sonon, L., Sotomayor, D. R., Stammer, A., Steinke, K., Toor, G.S., Walworth, J., Wang, J. J., Wortmann, C., Zhang, H. (2022). A survey to evaluate the current status of land grant university and state department of agriculture soil fertility recommendations and analytical methods. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1526506

109. **Yang, Y., M. M. Tfaily, J.L. Wilmoth, & G.S. Toor. 2022. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff and surface waters. Water Research, 118533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118533

108. Angelakis, A.N., M. Valipour, K.-H. Choo, A.T. Ahmed, A. Baba, R. Kumar, G.S. Toor, & Z. Wang. 2021. Desalination: From Ancient to Present and Future. Water, 13, 2222. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162222

107. Toor, G.S., Y. Yang, S. Das, S. Dorsey, & G. Felton. 2021. Soil health in agricultural ecosystems: current status and future perspectives. Advances in Agronomy, 168, 157–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2021.02.004

106. *Roswall, T., E. Lucas, Y. Yang, C. Burgis, Isis SPC Scott, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Hotspots of legacy phosphorus in agricultural landscapes: Revisiting water-extractable phosphorus pools in soils. Water, 13, 1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081006

105. **Duan, S., K. Banger, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Evidence of phosphate mining and agriculture influence on concentrations, forms, and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus in a Florida River. Water, 13, 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081064

104. *Lucas, E., G.S. Toor, & J. McGrath. 2021. Agronomic and environmental phosphorus decline in coastal plain soils after cessation of manure application. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 311, 107337. https://doi.org/10.​1016/​j.​agee.​2021.​107337 

103. Ji, W., J. Xiao, G.S. Toor, & Z. Li. 2021. Nitrate-nitrogen transport in streamwater and groundwater in a loess covered region: Sources, drivers, and spatiotemporal variation. Science of the Total Environment, 761, 143278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143278

102. **Yang, Y., S. Asal, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Residential catchments to coastal waters: Forms, fluxes, and mechanisms of phosphorus transport. Science of the Total Environment, 765,142767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142767

101. *Kalev, S., S. Duan, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Enriched dissolved organic carbon export from a residential stormwater pond. Science of the Total Environment, 751, 141773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141773

100. Toor, G.S., Y. Yang, M. Morris, P. Schwartz, Y. Darwish, G. Gaylord, & K. Webb. 2020. Phosphorus pools in soils under rotational and continuous grazed pastures. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 3: e20103. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20103

99. **Yang, Y, A. Goldsmith, I. Herold, S. Lecha, & G.S. Toor. 2020. Assessing soil organic carbon in soils to enhance and track future carbon storage. Agronomy, 10(8), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081139

98. *Jani, J., M. Lusk, Y. Yang, & G.S. Toor. 2020. Wet season nitrogen export from a residential stormwater pond. PLoS ONE, 15 (4): e0230908. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230908

97. * Kalev, S. & G.S. Toor. 2020. Concentrations and loads of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in urban stormwater runoff. Water, 12 (4), 1031.https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041031

96. *Jani, J., Y. Yang, M. Lusk, & G.S. Toor. 2020. Composition of nitrogen in urban residential stormwater runoff: variation in concentrations, loads, and source characterization of nitrate and organic nitrogen. PLoS ONE, 15(2): e0229715. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229715

95. *Lusk, M, G.S. Toor, & P. Inglett. 2020. Organic nitrogen in residential stormwater runoff: Implications for stormwater management in urban watersheds. Science of the Total Environment, 707. 135962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135962

94. *Rodríguez-Jorquera, I. A., R. C. Colli-Dula, K. Kroll, B.M. Jayasinghe, M.V.P. Marco, C. Silva-Sanchez, G. S. Toor, & N.D. Denslow. 2019. Blood transcriptomics analysis of fish exposed to perfluoro alkyls substances: Assessment of a non-lethal sampling technique for advancing aquatic toxicology research. Environmental Science & Technology, 53: 1441–1452. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03603

93. **Yang, Y. & G.S. Toor. 2018. Stormwater runoff driven phosphorus transport in an urban residential catchment: Implications for protecting water quality in urban watersheds. Scientific Reports, 8: 11681. DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-29857-x

92. *Jani, J., G.S. Toor. 2018. Composition, sources, and bioavailability of nitrogen in a longitudinal gradient from freshwater to estuarine waters. Water Research, 137: 344–354.

91. *Lusk, M.G., G.S. Toor, & P.W. Inglett. 2018. Characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen in leachate from a newly established and fertilized turfgrass. Water Research, 131: 52­–61.

90. **Dhaliwal, S.S., G.S. Toor, S. Newman, & T.Z. Osborne. 2018. Trace metals in the soils of Water Conservation Area of Florida Everglades: consideration for ecosystem restoration. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18: 342-351. DOI: 10.1007/s11368-016-1459-5.

89. *Kalev, S.D. & Toor, G.S. 2018. The Composition of Soils and Sediments. In Torok, B. and T. Dransfield, eds., Green Chemistry: An Inclusive Approach. 1st Edition. Elsevier, pp 339–357.

88. *Darre, N.C, G.S. Toor. 2018. Desalination of water: a review. Current Pollution Reports. 4, pages104–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-018-0085-9 

87. *Rodríguez-Jorquera, I., P. Siroski, W. Espejo, J. Nimptsc, S. Woelfl, P.G. Choueri, R.B. Choueri, C. Moraga, M. Mora, & G.S. Toor. 2017. Latin American Protected Areas: Protected from Chemical Pollution? Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 13:360–370. DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1839.

86. *Rodríguez-Jorquera, I, N. Vitale, L. Garner, C. Galbán, N. Duque-Wilckens, N, & G.S. Toor. 2017. Contamination of the Upper Class: Occurrence and Effects of Chemical Pollutants in Terrestrial Top Predators. Current Pollution Reports, 3: 206-219

85. *Lusk, M.G., G.S. Toor, Y. Yang, S. Mechtensimer, M. De, & T. Obreza. 2017. A review of fate and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, pathogens, and trace organic chemicals in septic systems. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology. 47: 455–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2017.1327787

84. *Lusk, M.G. & G.S. Toor. 2017. Optimizing Hydrologic Properties of Urban Soils. In Lal, R. and B.A. Stewart, eds., Advances in Soil Science: Urban Soils. CRC Press, pp 199–214.

83. **Yang, Y., G.S. Toor, P.C. Wilson, & C.F. Williams. 2017. Micropollutants in groundwater from septic systems: Transformations, transport mechanisms, and human health risk assessment. Water Research. 123: 258–267. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.054

82. Toor, G.S., M.L. Occhipinti, Y. Yang, T. Majcherek, D. Haver, & L. Oki. 2017. Managing urban runoff in residential neighborhoods: nitrogen and phosphorus in lawn irrigation driven runoff. PLoS ONE12 (6), e0179151. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179151

81. *De, M. & G.S. Toor. 2017. Nitrogen transformations in the mounded drainfields of drip dispersal and gravel trench septic systems. Ecological Engineering, 102: 352–360. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.039

80. **Yang, Y. & G.S. Toor. 2017. Sources and mechanisms of nitrate and orthophosphate transport in urban stormwater from residential catchments. Water Research, 112:176–184. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.039.

79. *Mechtensimer, S. & G.S. Toor. 2017. Septic systems contribution to phosphorus in shallow groundwater: Field-scale studies using conventional drainfield designs. PLoS ONE, 12 (1): e0170304. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170304

78. *Colon, B. & G.S. Toor. 2016. A review of uptake and translocation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by food crops irrigated with treated wastewater. Advances in Agronomy, 140:75–100. DOI: 10.1016/bs.agron.2016.07.001.

77. **Yang, Y., G.S. Toor, P.C. Wilson, & C.F. Williams. 2016. Septic systems as hot-spots of pollutants in the environment: Fate and mass balance of micropollutants in septic drainfields. Science of the Total Environment, 566–567:1535–1544. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.043

76. *Mechtensimer, S. & G.S. Toor. 2016. Fate, mass balance, and transport of phosphorus in the septic system drainfields. Chemosphere, 159:153­­–158. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.084.

75. *Lusk, M.G. & G.S. Toor. 2016. Biodegradability and molecular composition of dissolved organic nitrogen in urban stormwater runoff and outflow water from a stormwater retention pond. Environmental Science & Technology, 50:3391–3398. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05714. 

74. *Lusk, M.G. & G.S. Toor. 2016. Dissolved organic nitrogen in urban streams: biodegradability and molecular composition studies. Water Research, 96:225–235. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.060.

73. *Rodriguez-Jorquera, I., C. Silva-Sanchez, M. Strynar, N.D. Denslow, & G.S. Toor. 2016. Footprints of urban micro-pollution in protected areas: investigating the longitudinal distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances in wildlife preserves. PLoS ONE, 11(2): e0148654. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148654.

72. **Yang, Y. & G.S. Toor. 2016. δ15N and δ18O reveal the sources of nitrate-nitrogen in urban residential stormwater runoff. Environmental Science & Technology, 50: 2881–2889. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05353. 

71. *De, M. & G.S. Toor. 2016. Mass balance of water and nitrogen in the mounded drainfield of a drip-dispersal septic system. Journal of Environmental Quality, 45:1392–1399. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.02.0043.

70. Toor, G.S. & J.T. Sims. 2016. Phosphorus leaching in soils amended with animal manures generated with modified diets. Journal of Environmental Quality, 45:1–7. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.10.0542.

69. *De, M. & G.S. Toor. 2016. High removal of effluent-borne nitrogen with multiple external electron donors in the engineered drainfield of an advanced septic system. Journal of Environmental Quality, 45:1874–1882. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.06.0215.

68. Toor, G.S., & J.T. Sims. 2015. Managing phosphorus leaching in mid-Atlantic soils: importance of legacy sources. Vadose Zone Journal. 14: DOI:10.2136/vzj2015.08.0108.

67. **Zhan, F., He, Y., Li, T., Yang, Y.Y., Toor, G.S. & Zhao, Z. 2015. Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in a dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 22:17897-17905.

66. *Rodriguez-Jorquera, I., Kroll,K.J., Toor, G.S.  & Denslow, N.D. 2015. Transcriptional and physiological response of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to urban waters entering into wildlife protected areas. Environmental Pollution. 199: 155-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.021.

65. *De, M. & G.S. Toor. 2015. Fate of effluent-borne nitrogen in the mounded drainfield of an onsite wastewater treatment system. Vadose Zone Journal. DOI: 10.2136/vzj2015.07.0096.

64. **Yang, Y., Toor, G.S. & Williams, C.F. 2015. Pharmaceuticals and organochlorine pesticides in sediments of an urban river in Florida, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments DOI: 10.1007/s11368-015-1077-7

63. **Yang, Y. & Toor, G.S. 2015. Fate of nutrients, trace metals, bacteria, and pesticides in nursery recycled water. Journal of Water Resource and Protection.7:293-299. DOI:10.4236/jwarp.2015.74023.

62. **Zhan, F., He, Y., Li, T., Yang, Y.Y., Toor, G.S. & Zhao, Z. 2015. Tolerance and antioxidant response of a dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila, to cadmium stress. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 94: 96-102. DOI. 10.1007/s00128-014-1401-8.

61. **Filipovic, V., Toor, G.S., Ondrasek, G. & Kodesova, R. 2015. Modeling water flow and nitrate-nitrogen transport on future golf courses under turfgrass. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 15: 1847-1859. DOI 10.1007/s11368-014-0980-7.

60. **Wang, H.Y., H. Wang, L. Li Tang, Y. H. Dong, L. Zhao, & G.S. Toor. 2014. Sorption characteristics of cyromazine and its metabolite melamine in typical agricultural soils of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 21: 979-985.

59. Toor, G.S., L. Han, & C.D. Stanley. 2013. Temporal variability in water quality parameters-a case study of drinking water reservoir in Florida, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 185: 4305-4320.

58. **Wang, H., Y. Dong, Y. Yang, G.S. Toor, & X. Zhang. 2013. Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 25: 2435-2442.

57. **Carey, R.O., G. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, & J.L. Cisar. 2013. Evaluating nutrient impacts in urban watersheds: Challenges and research opportunities. Environmental Pollution. 173:138-149.

56. Toor, G.S. 2013. Groundwater Science. Edited by Charles R. Fitts. Academic Press, Elsevier, Waltham, MA. 696 pp. Journal of Environmental Quality. 42: 1602-1603.

55. **Carey, R.O., G. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, V.D. Nair, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, A.L. Shober, J.L. Cisar, L.E. Trenholm, & J.B. Sartain. 2012. Regulatory and resource management practices for urban watersheds: The Florida experience. HORTTECHNOLOGY. 22: 418-429.

54. *Khare, Y.P., C.J. Martinez, & G.S. Toor. 2012. Water quality and land use changes in the Alafia and Hillsborough river watersheds, Florida, USA. Journal of American Water Resources Association. 48:1276-1293.

53. *Pannu, M.W., G.S. Toor, G.A. O’Connor, & P.C. Wilson. 2012. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclosan in food crops. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry. 31: 2130-2137.

52. *Pannu, M.W., G.A. O'Connor, & G.S. Toor. 2012. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclosan in terrestrial organisms.  Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry.  31:646-653.

51. *Chahal, M.K., G.S. Toor, & B.M. Santos. 2012. Chemical characterization of tomato industry wastewater, Florida, United States. Journal of Water Resource and Protection. 4:107-114.

50. *Hagan, D. C. Dobbs, N. Timilsina, F. Escobedo, G.S.Toor, & M. Andreu. 2012. Anthropogenic effects on the physical and chemical properties of subtropical coastal urban soils. Soil Use and Management. 28:78-88.

49. **Carey, R.O., G. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, V.D. Nair, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, A.L. Shober, J.L. Cisar, L.E. Trenholm, & J.B. Sartain. 2012.  A Review of Turfgrass Fertilizer Management Practices: Implications for Urban Water Quality. HORTTECHNOLOGY. 22: 280-291.

48. *Lusk, M.G. & G.S. Toor. 2012. Urban watersheds: Geology, Contamination, and Sustainable Development. Edited by Martin M. Kaufman, Daniel T. Rogers, and Kent S. Murray. CRC Press, 537 pp. Journal of Environmental Quality. 41: 617-618.

47. *Waria, M., G.A. O’Connor, & G.S. Toor. 2011. Biodegradation of triclosan in biosolids-amended soils. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 30:2488-2496.

46. *Chahal, M.K., G.S. Toor, P. Nkedi-Kizza, & B.M. Santos. 2011. Effect of tomato packinghouse wastewater on phosphorus and cation leaching in a spodosol. Journal of Environmental Quality. 40:999–1009.

45. Abd-Elrahman, A., M. Croxton, R. Pande-Chettri, G.S. Toor, S. Smith, & J. Hill. 2011. In-situ estimation of water quality parameters in freshwater aquaculture ponds using hyperspectral imaging system. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 60:463–472.

44. *Chahal, M.K. & G.S. Toor. 2011. Trace metal leaching in a spodosol irrigated with tomato packinghouse wastewater. Soil Use and Management. 27:480-490.

43. *Chahal, M.K., G.S. Toor, & P. Brown. 2010. Trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urbanized area of Florida. Soil and Sediment Contamination. 19:419–435.

42. *Banger, K., G.S. Toor, T. Chirenje, & L. Ma, 2010. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of different land uses in Miami, Florida. Soil and Sediment Contamination. 19: 231–243.

41. *Banger, K., G.S. Toor, A. Biswas, S.S. Sidhu, & K. Sudhir. 2010. Soil organic carbon fractions after 16-years of applications of fertilizers and organic manure in a Typic Rhodalfs in semi-arid tropics. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 86: 391–399.

40. He, Z., H. Zhang, G.S. Toor, Z. Dou, C.W. Honeycutt, & B.E. Haggard. 2010. Phosphorus distribution in sequentially extracted fractions of biosolids, poultry litter, and granulated products. Soil Science. 175: 154–161.

39. Stanley, C.D. & G.S. Toor. 2010. Florida commercial horticultural production: constraints limiting water and nutrient use efficiency. HortTechnology. 20: 89–93.

38. Toor, G.S. M.K. Chahal, & B.M. Santos. 2010. Wastewater characterization in Tomato Packinghouses. Florida Tomato Institute Proceedings, pages 8–9. Available at http://www.floridatomatoes.org/Documents/veghort_ti_proceedings_2010.pdf

37. Toor, G.S. 2009. Enhancing phosphorus availability in low-phosphorus soils by using poultry manure and commercial fertilizer. Soil Science. 174:358–364.

36. Toor, G.S. & B.E. Haggard. 2009.  Phosphorus and trace metal dynamics in soils amended with poultry litter and granulates. Soil Use & Management.  25:409–418.

35.*Banger, K., S.S. Kukal, G.S. Toor, & K. Sudhir, & T. Hanumanthraju. 2009. Impact of long-term additions of chemical fertilizers and farm yard manure on carbon and nitrogen sequestration under rice-cowpea cropping system in semi-arid tropics. Plant and Soil. 318: 27–35.

34.Toor, G.S. 2009. Turfgrass and Landscape Irrigation Water Quality –Assessment and Management. Edited by Ronny C. Duncan, Robert N. Carrow, and Michael T. Huck. CRC Press. 464 pp. Journal of Environmental Quality. 38: 2478.

33. Bonilla, J.A. & G.S. Toor. 2009. Assessment of microbes in tomato packinghouses. Florida Tomato Institute Proceedings, pages 8–10. Available at http://gcrec.ifas.ufl.edu/tropicalpumpkins/tomato%20proceedings%2009.pdf

32. Toor, G.S., R.D. Harmel, B.E. Haggard, & G. Schmidt. 2008. Evaluation of regression methodology with low-frequency water quality sampling to estimate constituent loads for ephemeral watersheds in Texas. Journal of Environmental Quality. 37:1847–1854.

31. Toor, G.S., B.E. Haggard, & A.M. Donoghue. 2007. Water extractable trace elements in poultry litters and granulated products. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 16:351–360.

30. Toor, G.S., B.E. Haggard, M.S. Reiter, T.C. Daniel, & A.M. Donoghue. 2007. Phosphorus solubility in poultry litters and granulates: influence of litter treatments and extraction ratios. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 50:533–542.

29. He, Z., B.J. Cade-Menun, G.S. Toor, A. Fortuna, C.W. Honeycutt, & J.T. Sims. 2007. Comparison of phosphorus forms in wet and dried animal manures by solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and enzymatic hydrolysis. Journal of Environmental Quality. 36:1086–1095.

28. Kleinman, P.J., D. Sullivan, A. Wolf, R.C. Brandt, Z. Dou, H.A. Elliott, J. Kovar, A.B. Leytem, R.O. Maguire, P. Moore, L. Saporito, A.N. Sharpley, A.L. Shober, J.T. Sims, J.P. Toth, G.S. Toor, H. Zhang, & T. Zhang. 2007. Selection of a water extractable phosphorus test for manure and biosolids as an indicator of runoff loss potential. Journal of Environmental Quality. 36:1357–1367.

27. Toor, G.S., B.E. Haggard, S.M. Williamson, & A.M. Donoghue. 2007. Less environmental effects from granulated litter. World Poultry. 23:26–27.

26. Toor, G.S., S. Hunger, J.D. Peak, J.T. Sims, & D.L. Sparks. 2006. Advances in the characterization of phosphorus in organic wastes: environmental and agronomic applications. Advances in Agronomy. 89:1–72.

25. He, Z., G.S. Toor, C.W. Honeycutt, & J.T. Sims. 2006. An enzymatic hydrolysis approach for characterizing labile phosphorus forms in dairy manure under mild assay conditions. Bioresource Technology. 97:1660–1668.

24. Toor, G.S., B.J. Cade-Menun, & J.T. Sims. 2005. Establishing a linkage between phosphorus forms in dairy diets, feces, and manures. Journal of Environmental Quality. 34:1380–1391.

23. Toor, G.S., J.D. Peak, & J.T. Sims. 2005. Phosphorus speciation in broiler litter and turkey manure produced from modified diets. Journal of Environmental Quality. 34:687–697.

22. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, B.J. Cade-Menun, H.J. Di, & K.C. Cameron. 2005. Preferential phosphorus leaching from an irrigated grassland soil. European Journal of Soil Science. 56:155–167.

21. Toor, G.S., J.T. Sims, and Z. Dou. 2005. Reducing phosphorus in dairy diets improves farm nutrient balances and decreases the risk of nonpoint pollution of surface and ground waters. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment. 105:401–411.

20. Verma, V.K., L.B. Patel, G.S. Toor, P.K. Sharma, & V. Singh. 2005. Dynamics and spatial distribution of soluble salts in ground waters with special reference to their suitability for irrigation in Faridkot District of Punjab, India.  Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 11:119–122.

19. Verma, V.K., L.B. Patel, G.S. Toor, & P.K. Sharma. 2005. Spatial distribution of macronutrients in soils of arid tract of Punjab, India. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 7:285–297.

18. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, H.J. Di, K.C. Cameron, & J.T. Sims. 2004. Impact of farm dairy effluent application on amounts and forms of phosphorus loss from irrigated grassland. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 47:479–490.

17. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, H.J. Di, & K.C. Cameron. 2004. Seasonal fluctuations in phosphorus loss by leaching from a free draining grassland soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 68:1429–1436.

16. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, H.J. Di, K.C. Cameron, & J.T. Sims. 2004. Assessment of phosphorus leaching losses from a free draining grassland soil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 69:169–184. 

15. Verma, V.K., P.K. Sharma, V. Singh, L.B. Patel, & G.S. Toor. 2004. Hydrochemical facies of ground waters of Southwestern Punjab, India in relation to their suitability for irrigation. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences. 6:379–381.

14. Thind, H.S., C.L. Arora, & G.S. Toor. 2004. Nutrients return through leaf litter and their relations with poplar growth under different treatments of N, irrigation and inter-cropping. Indian Journal of Agroforestry. 62: 41–45.

13. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, H.J. Di, K.C. Cameron, & B.J. Cade-Menun. 2003. Characterization of organic phosphorus in leachate from a grassland soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 35:1317–1323.

12. Verma, V.K., L.B. Patel, P.K. Sharma, G.S. Toor, & V. Singh. 2003. Evaluation, characterization and management of soil - water related constraints for sustainable agriculture: an integrated approach using remote sensing and GIS. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 34:280–283.

11. Sinaj, S., C. Stamm, G.S. Toor, L.M. Condron, T. Hendry, H.J. Di, K.C. Cameron, & E. Frossard. 2002. Phosphorus exchangeability and leaching losses from two grassland soils. Journal of Environmental Quality. 31:319–330.

10. Bahl, G.S. & G.S. Toor. 2002. Influence of poultry manure on phosphorus availability and the standard phosphate requirement of crop estimated from quantity–intensity relationships in different soils. Bioresource Technology. 85:317–322.

9. Patel, L.B., V.K. Verma, G.S. Toor, & P.K. Sharma. 2001. Ground water quality for irrigation: Its assessment and management in District Mansa, Punjab (India). Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 7:315–318.

8. Patel, L.B., V.K. Verma, G.S. Toor, & P.K. Sharma. 2000. Beneficial plant nutrient supply from ground waters of arid tract of Punjab.  Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 6:105–108.

7. Patel, L.B., V.K. Verma, G.S. Toor, & P.K. Sharma. 2000. Hydrochemistry of ground waters of southern Punjab, India in relation to their suitability for irrigation.  Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 6:179–183.

6. Verma, V.K., L.B. Patel, P.K. Sharma, G.S. Toor, & C. Singh. 2000. Integrated approach for evaluation, characterisation and management of soil and water related constraints in arid environment of Punjab, India. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences. 2:43–50.

5. Bahl, G.S. & G.S. Toor. 1999. Efficiency of P utilization by sunflower grown on residual P fertility. Bioresource Technology. 67:97–100.

4. Toor, G.S. & G.S. Bahl. 1999. Kinetics of phosphate desorption from different soils as influenced by application of poultry manure and fertilizer phosphorus and its uptake by soybean. Bioresource Technology. 69:117–121.

3. Toor, G.S. & G.S. Bahl. 1997.  Effect of poultry manure addition and phosphorus fertilization on phosphorus adsorption and desorption pattern of soils. Ecological Agriculture: Towards Sustainable Development, Center for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, Chandigarh, India, pp.72-98.

2. Toor, G.S., G.S. Bahl, & A.C. Vig. 1997. Pattern of P availability in different soils as assessed by different adsorption equations. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science. 45:719–723.

1. Toor, G.S. & G.S. Bahl. 1997. Effect of solitary and integrated use of poultry manure and fertilizer phosphorus on the dynamics of P availability in different soils. Bioresource Technology. 62:25–28.

For obtaining a PDF copy of the publication, click on the article title:

48. Mosesso, L.R., M.S. Reiter, K.G. Scheckel, N.M. Fiorellino, G.S. Toor, & A.L. Shober. 2024. Phosphorus speciation in manure and fertilizer impacted Mid-Atlantic coastal plain soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20556

47. Lucas, E., B. Kennedy, T. Roswall, C. Burgis, & G.S. Toor. 2023. Climate Change Effects on Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Land to Water: A Review. Current Pollution Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-023-00282-7 

46. Filipovic, L., V. Krevh, R. Chen, J. Defterdarovic, Z. Kovac, I. Mustac, I. Bogunovic, H. He, T. Baumgartl, H. Gerke, G. S. Toor, V. Filipovic. 2023. Quantification of Intra- vs. Inter-Row Leaching of Major Plant Nutrients in Sloping Vineyard Soils. Water, 15, 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040759

45. *Lucas, E., L. Mosesso, T. Roswall, Y-Y. Yang, K. Scheckel, A. Shober, & G.S. Toor. 2022. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy reveals phosphate minerals at surface and agronomic sampling depths in agricultural Ultisols saturated with legacy phosphorus. Chemosphere, 308, 136288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136288

44. *Roswall, T., B.E. Haggard, & G.S. Toor. 2022. Fate and transformations of dissolved phosphorus forms in runoff: Effect of poultry litter and products extracted with variable water extraction ratios. Chemosphere, 308, 136220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136220  

43. **Yang, Y., M. M. Tfaily, J.L. Wilmoth, & G.S. Toor. 2022. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff and surface waters. Water Research, 118533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118533

42. *Roswall, T., E. Lucas, Y. Yang, C. Burgis, Isis SPC Scott, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Hotspots of legacy phosphorus in agricultural landscapes: Revisiting water-extractable phosphorus pools in soils. Water, 13, 1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081006

41. **Duan, S., K. Banger, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Evidence of phosphate mining and agriculture influence on concentrations, forms, and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus in a Florida River. Water, 13, 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081064

40. *Lucas, E., G.S. Toor, & J. McGrath. 2021. Agronomic and environmental phosphorus decline in coastal plain soils after cessation of manure application. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 311, 107337. https://doi.org/10.​1016/​j.​agee.​2021.​107337 

39. **Yang, Y., S. Asal, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Residential catchments to coastal waters: Forms, fluxes, and mechanisms of phosphorus transport. Science of the Total Environment, 765,142767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142767

38. Toor, G.S., Y. Yang, M. Morris, P. Schwartz, Y. Darwish, G. Gaylord, & K. Webb. 2020. Phosphorus pools in soils under rotational and continuous grazed pastures. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 3: e20103. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20103

37. **Yang, Y. & G.S. Toor. 2018. Stormwater runoff driven phosphorus transport in an urban residential catchment: Implications for protecting water quality in urban watersheds. Scientific Reports, 8: 11681. DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-29857-x

36. *Lusk, M.G., G.S. Toor, Y. Yang, S. Mechtensimer, M. De, & T. Obreza. 2017. A review of fate and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, pathogens, and trace organic chemicals in septic systems. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology. 47: 455–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2017.1327787

35. Toor, G.S., M.L. Occhipinti, Y. Yang, T. Majcherek, D. Haver, & L. Oki. 2017. Managing urban runoff in residential neighborhoods: nitrogen and phosphorus in lawn irrigation driven runoff. PLoS ONE12 (6), e0179151. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179151

34. **Yang, Y. & G.S. Toor. 2017. Sources and mechanisms of nitrate and orthophosphate transport in urban stormwater from residential catchments. Water Research, 112:176–184. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.039.

33. *Mechtensimer, S. & G.S. Toor. 2017. Septic systems contribution to phosphorus in shallow groundwater: Field-scale studies using conventional drainfield designs. PLoS ONE, 12 (1): e0170304. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170304

32. *Mechtensimer, S. & G.S. Toor. 2016. Fate, mass balance, and transport of phosphorus in the septic system drainfields. Chemosphere, 159:153­­–158. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.084.

31. Toor, G.S. & J.T. Sims. 2016. Phosphorus leaching in soils amended with animal manures generated with modified diets. Journal of Environmental Quality, 45:1–7. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.10.0542.

30. Toor, G.S., & J.T. Sims. 2015. Managing phosphorus leaching in mid-Atlantic soils: importance of legacy sources. Vadose Zone Journal. 14: DOI:10.2136/vzj2015.08.0108.

29. Toor, G.S., L. Han, & C.D. Stanley. 2013. Temporal variability in water quality parameters-a case study of drinking water reservoir in Florida, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 185: 4305-4320.

28. **Carey, R.O., G. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, & J.L. Cisar. 2013. Evaluating nutrient impacts in urban watersheds: Challenges and research opportunities. Environmental Pollution. 173:138-149.

27. **Carey, R.O., G. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, V.D. Nair, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, A.L. Shober, J.L. Cisar, L.E. Trenholm, & J.B. Sartain. 2012. Regulatory and resource management practices for urban watersheds: The Florida experience. HORTTECHNOLOGY. 22: 418-429.

26. *Khare, Y.P., C.J. Martinez, & G.S. Toor. 2012. Water quality and land use changes in the Alafia and Hillsborough river watersheds, Florida, USA. Journal of American Water Resources Association. 48:1276-1293.

25. *Chahal, M.K., G.S. Toor, P. Nkedi-Kizza, & B.M. Santos. 2011. Effect of tomato packinghouse wastewater on phosphorus and cation leaching in a spodosol. Journal of Environmental Quality. 40:999–1009.

24. He, Z., H. Zhang, G.S. Toor, Z. Dou, C.W. Honeycutt, & B.E. Haggard. 2010. Phosphorus distribution in sequentially extracted fractions of biosolids, poultry litter, and granulated products. Soil Science. 175: 154–161.

23. Toor, G.S. 2009. Enhancing phosphorus availability in low-phosphorus soils by using poultry manure and commercial fertilizer. Soil Science. 174:358–364.

22. Toor, G.S. & B.E. Haggard. 2009.  Phosphorus and trace metal dynamics in soils amended with poultry litter and granulates. Soil Use & Management.  25:409–418.

21. Toor, G.S., B.E. Haggard, M.S. Reiter, T.C. Daniel, & A.M. Donoghue. 2007. Phosphorus solubility in poultry litters and granulates: influence of litter treatments and extraction ratios. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 50:533–542.

20. He, Z., B.J. Cade-Menun, G.S. Toor, A. Fortuna, C.W. Honeycutt, & J.T. Sims. 2007. Comparison of phosphorus forms in wet and dried animal manures by solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and enzymatic hydrolysis. Journal of Environmental Quality. 36:1086–1095.

19. Kleinman, P.J., D. Sullivan, A. Wolf, R.C. Brandt, Z. Dou, H.A. Elliott, J. Kovar, A.B. Leytem, R.O. Maguire, P. Moore, L. Saporito, A.N. Sharpley, A.L. Shober, J.T. Sims, J.P. Toth, G.S. Toor, H. Zhang, & T. Zhang. 2007. Selection of a water extractable phosphorus test for manure and biosolids as an indicator of runoff loss potential. Journal of Environmental Quality. 36:1357–1367.

18. Toor, G.S., B.E. Haggard, S.M. Williamson, & A.M. Donoghue. 2007. Less environmental effects from granulated litter. World Poultry. 23:26–27.

17. Toor, G.S., S. Hunger, J.D. Peak, J.T. Sims, & D.L. Sparks. 2006. Advances in the characterization of phosphorus in organic wastes: environmental and agronomic applications. Advances in Agronomy. 89:1–72.

16. He, Z., G.S. Toor, C.W. Honeycutt, & J.T. Sims. 2006. An enzymatic hydrolysis approach for characterizing labile phosphorus forms in dairy manure under mild assay conditions. Bioresource Technology. 97:1660–1668.

15. Toor, G.S., B.J. Cade-Menun, & J.T. Sims. 2005. Establishing a linkage between phosphorus forms in dairy diets, feces, and manures. Journal of Environmental Quality. 34:1380–1391.

14. Toor, G.S., J.D. Peak, & J.T. Sims. 2005. Phosphorus speciation in broiler litter and turkey manure produced from modified diets. Journal of Environmental Quality. 34:687–697.

13. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, B.J. Cade-Menun, H.J. Di, & K.C. Cameron. 2005. Preferential phosphorus leaching from an irrigated grassland soil. European Journal of Soil Science. 56:155–167.

12. Toor, G.S., J.T. Sims, and Z. Dou. 2005. Reducing phosphorus in dairy diets improves farm nutrient balances and decreases the risk of nonpoint pollution of surface and ground waters. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment. 105:401–411.

11. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, H.J. Di, K.C. Cameron, & J.T. Sims. 2004. Impact of farm dairy effluent application on amounts and forms of phosphorus loss from irrigated grassland. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 47:479–490.

10. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, H.J. Di, & K.C. Cameron. 2004. Seasonal fluctuations in phosphorus loss by leaching from a free draining grassland soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 68:1429–1436.

9. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, H.J. Di, K.C. Cameron, & J.T. Sims. 2004. Assessment of phosphorus leaching losses from a free draining grassland soil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 69:169–184. 

8. Toor, G.S., L.M. Condron, H.J. Di, K.C. Cameron, & B.J. Cade-Menun. 2003. Characterization of organic phosphorus in leachate from a grassland soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 35:1317–1323.

7. Sinaj, S., C. Stamm, G.S. Toor, L.M. Condron, T. Hendry, H.J. Di, K.C. Cameron, & E. Frossard. 2002. Phosphorus exchangeability and leaching losses from two grassland soils. Journal of Environmental Quality. 31:319–330.

6. Bahl, G.S. & G.S. Toor. 2002. Influence of poultry manure on phosphorus availability and the standard phosphate requirement of crop estimated from quantity–intensity relationships in different soils. Bioresource Technology. 85:317–322.

5. Bahl, G.S. & G.S. Toor. 1999. Efficiency of P utilization by sunflower grown on residual P fertility. Bioresource Technology. 67:97–100.

4. Toor, G.S. & G.S. Bahl. 1999. Kinetics of phosphate desorption from different soils as influenced by application of poultry manure and fertilizer phosphorus and its uptake by soybean. Bioresource Technology. 69:117–121.

3. Toor, G.S. & G.S. Bahl. 1997.  Effect of poultry manure addition and phosphorus fertilization on phosphorus adsorption and desorption pattern of soils. Ecological Agriculture: Towards Sustainable Development, Center for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, Chandigarh, India, pp.72-98.

2. Toor, G.S., G.S. Bahl, & A.C. Vig. 1997. Pattern of P availability in different soils as assessed by different adsorption equations. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science. 45:719–723.

1. Toor, G.S. & G.S. Bahl. 1997. Effect of solitary and integrated use of poultry manure and fertilizer phosphorus on the dynamics of P availability in different soils. Bioresource Technology. 62:25–28.

For obtaining a PDF copy of the publication, click on the article title:

24.Ji, W., Y. Liu, J. Wang, G.S. Toor, X. He, & Z. Li. 2024. Multiple isotopes reveal the impact of land use change on nitrate transport and transformation in deep loess deposits. Journal of Hydrology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131056

23. Krevh, V., L. Filipovic, D. Petosic, I. Mustac, I. Bogunovic, J. Butorac, I. Kisic, J. Defterdarovic, Z. Nakic, Z. Kovac, P. Pereira, H. He, R. Chen, G. S. Toor, A. Versini, T. Baumgartl, V. Filipovi´c. 2023. Long-term analysis of soil water regime and nitrate dynamics at agricultural experimental site: Field-scale monitoring and numerical modeling using HYDRUS-1D. Agricultural Water Management, 275, 108039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.108039

22. Filipovic, L., V. Krevh, R. Chen, J. Defterdarovic, Z. Kovac, I. Mustac, I. Bogunovic, H. He, T. Baumgartl, H. Gerke, G. S. Toor, V. Filipovic. 2023. Quantification of Intra- vs. Inter-Row Leaching of Major Plant Nutrients in Sloping Vineyard Soils. Water, 15, 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040759

21. **Yang, Y., M. M. Tfaily, J.L. Wilmoth, & G.S. Toor. 2022. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff and surface waters. Water Research, 118533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118533

20. Ji, W., J. Xiao, G.S. Toor, & Z. Li. 2021. Nitrate-nitrogen transport in streamwater and groundwater in a loess covered region: Sources, drivers, and spatiotemporal variation. Science of the Total Environment, 761, 143278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143278

19. *Jani, J., M. Lusk, Y. Yang, & G.S. Toor. 2020. Wet season nitrogen export from a residential stormwater pond. PLoS ONE, 15 (4): e0230908. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230908

18. *Jani, J., Y. Yang, M. Lusk, & G.S. Toor. 2020. Composition of nitrogen in urban residential stormwater runoff: variation in concentrations, loads, and source characterization of nitrate and organic nitrogen. PLoS ONE, 15(2): e0229715. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229715

17. *Lusk, M, G.S. Toor, & P. Inglett. 2020. Organic nitrogen in residential stormwater runoff: Implications for stormwater management in urban watersheds. Science of the Total Environment, 707. 135962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135962

16. *Jani, J., G.S. Toor. 2018. Composition, sources, and bioavailability of nitrogen in a longitudinal gradient from freshwater to estuarine waters. Water Research, 137: 344–354.

15. *Lusk, M.G., G.S. Toor, & P.W. Inglett. 2018. Characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen in leachate from a newly established and fertilized turfgrass. Water Research, 131: 52­–61.

14. *Lusk, M.G., G.S. Toor, Y. Yang, S. Mechtensimer, M. De, & T. Obreza. 2017. A review of fate and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, pathogens, and trace organic chemicals in septic systems. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology. 47: 455–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2017.1327787

13. Toor, G.S., M.L. Occhipinti, Y. Yang, T. Majcherek, D. Haver, & L. Oki. 2017. Managing urban runoff in residential neighborhoods: nitrogen and phosphorus in lawn irrigation driven runoff. PLoS ONE12 (6), e0179151. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179151

12. *De, M. & G.S. Toor. 2017. Nitrogen transformations in the mounded drainfields of drip dispersal and gravel trench septic systems. Ecological Engineering, 102: 352–360. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.039

11. **Yang, Y. & G.S. Toor. 2017. Sources and mechanisms of nitrate and orthophosphate transport in urban stormwater from residential catchments. Water Research, 112:176–184. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.039.

10. *Lusk, M.G. & G.S. Toor. 2016. Biodegradability and molecular composition of dissolved organic nitrogen in urban stormwater runoff and outflow water from a stormwater retention pond. Environmental Science & Technology, 50:3391–3398. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05714. 

9. *Lusk, M.G. & G.S. Toor. 2016. Dissolved organic nitrogen in urban streams: biodegradability and molecular composition studies. Water Research, 96:225–235. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.060.

8. **Yang, Y. & G.S. Toor. 2016. δ15N and δ18O reveal the sources of nitrate-nitrogen in urban residential stormwater runoff. Environmental Science & Technology, 50: 2881–2889. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05353. 

7. *De, M. & G.S. Toor. 2016. Mass balance of water and nitrogen in the mounded drainfield of a drip-dispersal septic system. Journal of Environmental Quality, 45:1392–1399. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.02.0043.

6. *De, M. & G.S. Toor. 2016. High removal of effluent-borne nitrogen with multiple external electron donors in the engineered drainfield of an advanced septic system. Journal of Environmental Quality, 45:1874–1882. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.06.0215.

5. *De, M. & G.S. Toor. 2015. Fate of effluent-borne nitrogen in the mounded drainfield of an onsite wastewater treatment system. Vadose Zone Journal. DOI: 10.2136/vzj2015.07.0096.

4. **Filipovic, V., Toor, G.S., Ondrasek, G. & Kodesova, R. 2015. Modeling water flow and nitrate-nitrogen transport on future golf courses under turfgrass. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 15: 1847-1859. DOI 10.1007/s11368-014-0980-7.

3. **Carey, R.O., G. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, & J.L. Cisar. 2013. Evaluating nutrient impacts in urban watersheds: Challenges and research opportunities. Environmental Pollution. 173:138-149.

2. **Carey, R.O., G. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, V.D. Nair, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, A.L. Shober, J.L. Cisar, L.E. Trenholm, & J.B. Sartain. 2012. Regulatory and resource management practices for urban watersheds: The Florida experience. HORTTECHNOLOGY. 22: 418-429.

1. *Khare, Y.P., C.J. Martinez, & G.S. Toor. 2012. Water quality and land use changes in the Alafia and Hillsborough river watersheds, Florida, USA. Journal of American Water Resources Association. 48:1276-1293.

For obtaining a PDF copy of the publication, click on the article title:

6. Toor, G.S., Y. Yang, S. Das, S. Dorsey, & G. Felton. 2021. Soil health in agricultural ecosystems: current status and future perspectives. Advances in Agronomy, 168, 157–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2021.02.004

5. *Kalev, S., S. Duan, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Enriched dissolved organic carbon export from a residential stormwater pond. Science of the Total Environment, 751, 141773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141773

4. **Yang, Y, A. Goldsmith, I. Herold, S. Lecha, & G.S. Toor. 2020. Assessing soil organic carbon in soils to enhance and track future carbon storage. Agronomy, 10(8), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081139

3. * Kalev, S. & G.S. Toor. 2020. Concentrations and loads of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in urban stormwater runoff. Water, 12 (4), 1031.https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041031

2. *Banger, K., G.S. Toor, A. Biswas, S.S. Sidhu, & K. Sudhir. 2010. Soil organic carbon fractions after 16-years of applications of fertilizers and organic manure in a Typic Rhodalfs in semi-arid tropics. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 86: 391–399.

1.*Banger, K., S.S. Kukal, G.S. Toor, & K. Sudhir, & T. Hanumanthraju. 2009. Impact of long-term additions of chemical fertilizers and farm yard manure on carbon and nitrogen sequestration under rice-cowpea cropping system in semi-arid tropics. Plant and Soil. 318: 27–35.

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21. Spargo, J. T., Lyons, S. E., Clark, J. D., Osmond, D. L., Parvej, R. Md., Pearce, A. W., Slaton, N. A., Saffire, D., Alford, S., Allen, T., Arnall, B., Buob, T., Camberato, J. J., Cardon, G., Culman, S, W., Davenport, J. R., Fernandez, F. G., Florence, R., Flynn, R., Franzen, D., Geisseler, D., Grove, J., Hardy, D., Heckman, J., Hopkins, B., Hoskins, B., Hue, N. V., Huluka, G., Jones, C., Jones, K., Kaiser, D. E., Kalmbach, B., Ketterings, Q. M., Laboski, C. A. M., Lessl, J., Lucas, E., Maguire, R., Mahler, R., Mallerino, A., Margenot, A., McGrath, J. M., Miller, R., Moore, A. D., Morris, T. F., Mylavarapu, R., Nathan, M., Nelson, N. O., Norton, J., Pena-Yewtukhiw, E., Pettinelli, D., Provin, T., Radin, A., Ross, D., Saunders, O., Self, J., Shober, A. L., Sonon, L., Sotomayor, D. R., Stammer, A., Steinke, K., Toor, G., Walworth, J., Wang, J. J., Wortmann, C., Zhang, H. (2022). A survey to evaluate the current status of land grant university and state department of agriculture soil fertility recommendations and analytical methods. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1526506

20. Angelakis, A.N., M. Valipour, K.-H. Choo, A.T. Ahmed, A. Baba, R. Kumar, G.S. Toor, & Z. Wang. 2021. Desalination: From Ancient to Present and Future. Water, 13, 2222. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162222

19. *Darre, N.C, G.S. Toor. 2018. Desalination of water: a review. Current Pollution Reports. 4, pages104–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-018-0085-9 

18. *Kalev, S.D. & Toor, G.S. 2018. The Composition of Soils and Sediments. In Torok, B. and T. Dransfield, eds., Green Chemistry: An Inclusive Approach. 1st Edition. Elsevier, pp 339–357.

17. *Lusk, M.G. & G.S. Toor. 2017. Optimizing Hydrologic Properties of Urban Soils. In Lal, R. and B.A. Stewart, eds., Advances in Soil Science: Urban Soils. CRC Press, pp 199–214.

16. Toor, G.S., L. Han, & C.D. Stanley. 2013. Temporal variability in water quality parameters-a case study of drinking water reservoir in Florida, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 185: 4305-4320.

15. *Chahal, M.K., G.S. Toor, & B.M. Santos. 2012. Chemical characterization of tomato industry wastewater, Florida, United States. Journal of Water Resource and Protection. 4:107-114.

14. *Hagan, D. C. Dobbs, N. Timilsina, F. Escobedo, G.S.Toor, & M. Andreu. 2012. Anthropogenic effects on the physical and chemical properties of subtropical coastal urban soils. Soil Use and Management. 28:78-88.

13. **Carey, R.O., G. Hochmuth, C.J. Martinez, T.H. Boyer, V.D. Nair, M.D. Dukes, G.S. Toor, A.L. Shober, J.L. Cisar, L.E. Trenholm, & J.B. Sartain. 2012. A Review of Turfgrass Fertilizer Management Practices: Implications for Urban Water Quality. HORTTECHNOLOGY. 22: 280-291.

12. Abd-Elrahman, A., M. Croxton, R. Pande-Chettri, G.S. Toor, S. Smith, & J. Hill. 2011. In-situ estimation of water quality parameters in freshwater aquaculture ponds using hyperspectral imaging system. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 60:463–472.

11. Stanley, C.D. & G.S. Toor. 2010. Florida commercial horticultural production:  constraints limiting water and nutrient use efficiency. HortTechnology. 20: 89–93.

10. Toor, G.S., R.D. Harmel, B.E. Haggard, & G. Schmidt. 2008. Evaluation of regression methodology with low-frequency water quality sampling to estimate constituent loads for ephemeral watersheds in Texas. Journal of Environmental Quality. 37:1847–1854.

9. Verma, V.K., L.B. Patel, G.S. Toor, P.K. Sharma, & V. Singh. 2005. Dynamics and spatial distribution of soluble salts in ground waters with special reference to their suitability for irrigation in Faridkot District of Punjab, India.  Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 11:119–122.

8. Verma, V.K., L.B. Patel, G.S. Toor, & P.K. Sharma. 2005. Spatial distribution of macronutrients in soils of arid tract of Punjab, India. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 7:285–297.

7. Verma, V.K., P.K. Sharma, V. Singh, L.B. Patel, & G.S. Toor. 2004. Hydrochemical facies of ground waters of Southwestern Punjab, India in relation to their suitability for irrigation. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences. 6:379–381.

6. Thind, H.S., C.L. Arora, & G.S. Toor. 2004. Nutrients return through leaf litter and their relations with poplar growth under different treatments of N, irrigation and inter-cropping. Indian Journal of Agroforestry. 62: 41–45.

5. Verma, V.K., L.B. Patel, P.K. Sharma, G.S. Toor, & V. Singh. 2003. Evaluation, characterization and management of soil - water related constraints for sustainable agriculture: an integrated approach using remote sensing and GIS. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 34:280–283.

4. Patel, L.B., V.K. Verma, G.S. Toor, & P.K. Sharma. 2001. Ground water quality for irrigation: Its assessment and management in District Mansa, Punjab (India). Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 7:315–318.

3. Patel, L.B., V.K. Verma, G.S. Toor, & P.K. Sharma. 2000. Beneficial plant nutrient supply from ground waters of arid tract of Punjab.  Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 6:105–108.

2. Patel, L.B., V.K. Verma, G.S. Toor, & P.K. Sharma. 2000. Hydrochemistry of ground waters of southern Punjab, India in relation to their suitability for irrigation.  Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 6:179–183.

1. Verma, V.K., L.B. Patel, P.K. Sharma, G.S. Toor, & C. Singh. 2000. Integrated approach for evaluation, characterisation and management of soil and water related constraints in arid environment of Punjab, India. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences. 2:43–50.

For obtaining a PDF copy of the publication, click on the article title:

8. **Dhaliwal, S.S., G.S. Toor, S. Newman, & T.Z. Osborne. 2018. Trace metals in the soils of Water Conservation Area of Florida Everglades: consideration for ecosystem restoration. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18: 342-351. DOI: 10.1007/s11368-016-1459-5.

7. **Zhan, F., He, Y., Li, T., Yang, Y.Y., Toor, G.S. & Zhao, Z. 2015. Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in a dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 22:17897-17905.

6. **Yang, Y. & Toor, G.S. 2015. Fate of nutrients, trace metals, bacteria, and pesticides in nursery recycled water. Journal of Water Resource and Protection.7:293-299. DOI:10.4236/jwarp.2015.74023.

5. **Zhan, F., He, Y., Li, T., Yang, Y.Y., Toor, G.S. & Zhao, Z. 2015. Tolerance and antioxidant response of a dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila, to cadmium stress. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 94: 96-102. DOI. 10.1007/s00128-014-1401-8.

4. **Wang, H., Y. Dong, Y. Yang, G.S. Toor, & X. Zhang. 2013. Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 25: 2435-2442.

3. *Chahal, M.K., G.S. Toor, & P. Brown. 2010. Trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urbanized area of Florida. Soil and Sediment Contamination. 19:419–435.

2. *Chahal, M.K. & G.S. Toor. 2011. Trace metal leaching in a spodosol irrigated with tomato packinghouse wastewater. Soil Use and Management. 27:480-490.

1. Toor, G.S., B.E. Haggard, & A.M. Donoghue. 2007. Water extractable trace elements in poultry litters and granulated products. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 16:351–360.

For obtaining a PDF copy of the publication, click on the article title:

16. *Rodríguez-Jorquera, I. A., R. C. Colli-Dula, K. Kroll, B.M. Jayasinghe, M.V.P. Marco, C. Silva-Sanchez, G. S. Toor, & N.D. Denslow. 2019. Blood transcriptomics analysis of fish exposed to perfluoro alkyls substances: Assessment of a non-lethal sampling technique for advancing aquatic toxicology research. Environmental Science & Technology, 53: 1441–1452. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03603

15. *Rodríguez-Jorquera, I., P. Siroski, W. Espejo, J. Nimptsc, S. Woelfl, P.G. Choueri, R.B. Choueri, C. Moraga, M. Mora, & G.S. Toor. 2017. Latin American Protected Areas: Protected from Chemical Pollution? Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 13:360–370. DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1839.

14. *Rodríguez-Jorquera, I, N. Vitale, L. Garner, C. Galbán, N. Duque-Wilckens, N, & G.S. Toor. 2017. Contamination of the Upper Class: Occurrence and Effects of Chemical Pollutants in Terrestrial Top Predators. Current Pollution Reports, 3: 206-219

13. *Lusk, M.G., G.S. Toor, Y. Yang, S. Mechtensimer, M. De, & T. Obreza. 2017. A review of fate and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, pathogens, and trace organic chemicals in septic systems. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology. 47: 455–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2017.1327787

12. **Yang, Y., G.S. Toor, P.C. Wilson, & C.F. Williams. 2017. Micropollutants in groundwater from septic systems: Transformations, transport mechanisms, and human health risk assessment. Water Research. 123: 258–267. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.054

11. *Colon, B. & G.S. Toor. 2016. A review of uptake and translocation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by food crops irrigated with treated wastewater. Advances in Agronomy, 140:75–100. DOI: 10.1016/bs.agron.2016.07.001.

10. **Yang, Y., G.S. Toor, P.C. Wilson, & C.F. Williams. 2016. Septic systems as hot-spots of pollutants in the environment: Fate and mass balance of micropollutants in septic drainfields. Science of the Total Environment, 566–567:1535–1544. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.043

9. *Rodriguez-Jorquera, I., C. Silva-Sanchez, M. Strynar, N.D. Denslow, & G.S. Toor. 2016. Footprints of urban micro-pollution in protected areas: investigating the longitudinal distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances in wildlife preserves. PLoS ONE, 11(2): e0148654. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148654.

8. *Rodriguez-Jorquera, I., Kroll,K.J., Toor, G.S.  & Denslow, N.D. 2015. Transcriptional and physiological response of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to urban waters entering into wildlife protected areas. Environmental Pollution. 199: 155-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.021.

7. **Yang, Y., Toor, G.S. & Williams, C.F. 2015. Pharmaceuticals and organochlorine pesticides in sediments of an urban river in Florida, USA. Journal of Soils and Sediments DOI: 10.1007/s11368-015-1077-7

6. **Wang, H.Y., H. Wang, L. Li Tang, Y. H. Dong, L. Zhao, & G.S. Toor. 2014. Sorption characteristics of cyromazine and its metabolite melamine in typical agricultural soils of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 21: 979-985.

5. *Pannu, M.W., G.S. Toor, G.A. O’Connor, & P.C. Wilson. 2012. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclosan in food crops. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry. 31: 2130-2137.

4. *Pannu, M.W., G.A. O'Connor, & G.S. Toor. 2012. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclosan in terrestrial organisms.  Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry.  31:646-653.

3. *Waria, M., G.A. O’Connor, & G.S. Toor. 2011. Biodegradation of triclosan in biosolids-amended soils. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 30:2488-2496.

2. *Chahal, M.K., G.S. Toor, & P. Brown. 2010. Trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urbanized area of Florida. Soil and Sediment Contamination. 19:419–435.

1. *Banger, K., G.S. Toor, T. Chirenje, & L. Ma, 2010. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of different land uses in Miami, Florida. Soil and Sediment Contamination. 19: 231–243.

• Section Editor, Current Pollution Reports (Springer) journal (2016-current)

• Academic Editor, PLoS ONE (2018-current)

• Academic Editor, Water (2020-current)

• Associate Editor, Journal of Environmental Quality (2008-2014)

• Member, Board of Directors of American Society of Agronomy (2022-current)

• Member, Science-Policy Committee of Soil Science Society of America (2020-current)

• Member, ASA-CSSA-SSSA Book and Multi-Media Publishing Committee (2014-present)

• Appointed Member of the State of Maryland Nutrient Management Committee by Secretary of Agriculture (2017-present)

• Appointed Member of the State of Maryland Phosphorus Management Tool Committee by Secretary of Agriculture (2017-present)

• Member, Faculty Research Council, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Maryland (2020-present)

• Member, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chesapeake Bay Program Agriculture Workgroup (2019-present)

• Chair, Urban & Anthropogenic Soils Division of Soil Science Society of America (Jan-Dec 2014)

• Chair, Nominations Committee for Urban & Anthropogenic Soils Division Officers of Soil Science Society of America (Jan-Dec 2014)

• Member, Nominations for Soil Science Society of America President-Elect Committee (Jan-Dec 2014)

• Member, SSSA Annual meeting Program Planning Committee (Jan-Dec 2014)

• Past Chair, Urban & Anthropogenic Soils Division of Soil Science Society of America (Jan-Dec 2015)

• Past Chair, Nominations Committee for Urban & Anthropogenic Soils Division Officers of Soil Science Society of America (Jan-Dec 2015)

• Member, Soil Science Society of America S594 Urban Soils Committee (2012-2013)

• Member, American Society of Agronomy K-12 Committee (2010-2012)

Dr. Jesse Radolinski

Postdoctoral Research Associate

(2023-present)

• 2023: Dr. Toor was named Fellow of the Soil Science Society of America. See a news release at https://agnr.umd.edu/news/agnr-faculty-member-named-fellow-soil-science-society-america

• April 2022: Dr. Toor is a sole PI of a new award (>$3.2 million) from the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The overall goal of this project is to protect and restore the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem through continued technical support to address water-quality restoration goals and maintain public awareness of Chesapeake Bay restoration. Three non-tenure-track faculty have been hired to undertake various activities of this complex project with stakeholders spread across the Chesapeake Bay Watershed of ~64,000 square miles, six states (MD, NY, PA, DE, VA, WVA) and Washington DC, and population of >18 million people.

• January 2022: We welcomed three new undergraduate research assistants. Fiona Quin Zabel, a sophomore majoring in ENST and Chemistry, with a minor in Statistics. Quin will be working on the biosolids phosphorus project with Taylor Roswall. Autumn McCarthy, a junior majoring in Biochemistry, will be working on the soil organic carbon project with Emileigh Lucas. We also have new additions with two capstone students, Orman Morton, and Mackenzi Wintermoyer,  seniors majoring in ENST and working on sediment and particulate phosphorus loss in agricultural landscapes with Dr. Charles Burgis. Welcome, Quin, Autumn, Orman, and Mackenzi to the group!

• December 2021: We bode farewell to our colleague Dr. Yun-Ya Yang, who has been an integral part of our group since 2018. Dr. Yang is heading out to the silicon valley in California to take a Senior Scientist position in private industry (https://www.andes.bio/). She will continue her nutrient and carbon capture work to solve pressing issues in modern agriculture. Congratulations and Best Wishes, Yun-Ya!

• November 2021: Dr. Toor received funding from Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments to investigate the fate of phosphorus in biosolids-amended soils. Taylor Roswall will be coordinating this project with assistance from undergraduate assistant.

• October 2021: Dr. Fajun Sun, joins our group as a Lab Manager/Agricultural Technician Supervisor. She recently completed a Ph.D. in Geochemistry from Florida State University. In her new role, Fajun will be providing us lab support in terms of various nutrients, carbon, and isotopes analyses in the lab, and as time permits, she may start a new line of research in agricultural ecosystems. Welcome, Fajun! We’re very excited to have you here in the group and our department.

• August 2021: Bradley Kennedy joins us as a new Ph.D. student on the USDA-NIFA Sustainable Agricultural Systems project. Bradley received a BS in Natural Resources from Cornell University and an MS in Agriculture from the University of Copenhagen. She was Research Associate at Rich Earth Institute in Vermont before joining us. Bradley's dissertation research will focus on optimzing nitrogen in agricultural production systems to reduce losses to water bodies. Welcome, Bradley to the group!

• May 2021: Congratulations to Taylor Roswall for graduating with an MS degree in Soil and Watershed Science. Taylor's thesis was on Quantification of Water Extractable Phosphorus Pools in Soils and Manures to Predict Phosphorus Loss. She has already published one paper from her thesis and working on submitting the second paper soon. Taylor is now working as a Faculty Assistant in our group, conducting field research on nutrient losses. Welcome aboard in a new role, Taylor!

• January 2021: Dr. Toor and Prof. Zhi Li (Northwest A&F University) are editing a special issue collection of peer-reviewed articles for the journal Water on the topic area of "Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface- and Ground-water: Sources, Mechanisms, Processes, and Pathways." More details about the collection and process to submit manuscripts can be found at this weblink: mdpi.com/si/74143

• January 2021: Dr. Isis Stacanelli Pires Chagas Scott joins us as a Postdoctoral Researcher in the nutrient remediation project using Miscanthus and other buffers on the Delmarva Peninsula. She is jointly supervised by Dr. Greg McCarty, USDA-ARS and Dr. Dean Hively, USGS. Isis (pronounced Izzys) holds an MS in Agronomy and Soil Science and a PhD in Agricultural Engineering, both from Purdue University. Welcome, Isis, to the group!

• October 2020: Dr. Toor received grants from USDA-ARS and USDA-NRCS to evaluate environmental risks and benefits of grass buffer strips for nutrient remediation on the Delmarva Peninsula.

• July 2020: Dr. Charles Burgis joins us as a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Phosphorus project funded by USDA-NIFA and Maryland Department of Agriculture. He received an MS and PhD in Environmental Engineering from the University of Virginia. Welcome, Charles, to the group!

• April 2020: Dr. Shuiwang Duan joins us as Assistant Research Scientist in nutrients project funded by USDA-NIFA and Maryland Department of Agriculture. He received a PhD in Biogeochemistry and Water Quality from the University of Louisiana and has been most recently working in the Geology Department at UMD. Welcome, Shuiwang, to the group!

• March 2020: Dr. Toor is part of a large inter-disciplinary proposal funded by USDA-NIFA Sustainable Agricultural Systems grant. Check this weblink for information about the project: https://extension.umd.edu/news/creating-sustainable-future-chesapeake-bay-watershed-and-its-people

• February 2020: Dr. Toor received grants from the Maryland Department of Agriculture and USDA-NIFA to investigate phosphorus losses from agricultural landscapes and develop the next generation of phosphorus index for the state of Maryland.

• January 2020: Drs. Toor and Yang along with Keith Paustian from Colorado State University received a grant from Harry R. Hughes Center for Agroecology to fine-tune and develop a tool to quantify and track soil organic carbon in Maryland soils.

• New collaborative research paper by PhD student Wangjia Ji from Northwest A&F University  sheds light on nitrogen cycling and transport in China's Loess Plateau. In the study, Wangjia used stable isotopes (water, nitrate) to probe the area, which was formed by wind erosion and located close to the GobiDesert and YellowRiver. Ji, W., Y. Liu, J. Wang, G.S. Toor, X. He,  & Z. Li. 2024. Multiple isotopes reveal the impact of land use change on nitrate transport and transformation in deep loess deposits. Journal of Hydrology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131056

• New collaborative article by former PhD student from the University of Delaware looked at phosphorus minerals in leagcy phosphorus soils with XANES. Mosesso, L.R., M.S. Reiter, K.G. Scheckel, N.M. Fiorellino, G.S. Toor, & A.L. Shober. 2024. Phosphorus speciation in manure and fertilizer impacted Mid-Atlantic coastal plain soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20556

• New article led by PhD student, Emileigh Lucas. Much is talked about climate change, but less is known about how climate change will impact nutrient losses from soils. Here, we present a first comprehensive review of the state of the science on how climate change will impact phosphorus in agricultural soils and how that will affect phosphorus loss from land to water. Lucas, E., B. Kennedy, T. Roswall, C. Burgis, & G.S. Toor. 2023. Climate Change Effects on Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Land to Water: A Review. Current Pollution Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-023-00282-7 

• New article (open-access) with international collaborators on monitoring and numerical modeling of nitrate in agricultural fields concluded that the time of application is critical to fine-tuning N management, improving nitrogen use efficiency, reducing N loss, & protecting water quality. Krevh, V., L. Filipovic, D. Petosic, I. Mustac, I. Bogunovic, J. Butorac, I. Kisic, J. Defterdarovic, Z. Nakic, Z. Kovac, P. Pereira, H. He, R. Chen, G. S. Toor, A. Versini, T. Baumgartl, V. Filipovi´c. 2023. Long-term analysis of soil water regime and nitrate dynamics at agricultural experimental site: Field-scale monitoring and numerical modeling using HYDRUS-1D. Agricultural Water Management, 275, 108039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.108039

• New article (open-access) with collaborators from Croatia, Germany, China, Australia quantified the origin and transport of nitrate and orthophosphate at various hydrological positions in the landscape.  Filipovic, L., V. Krevh, R. Chen, J. Defterdarovic, Z. Kovac, I. Mustac, I. Bogunovic, H. He, T. Baumgartl, H. Gerke, G. S. Toor, V. Filipovic. 2023. Quantification of Intra- vs. Inter-Row Leaching of Major Plant Nutrients in Sloping Vineyard Soils. Water, 15, 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040759

• New article by former MS student, and now environmental law student Taylor Roswall, in Chemosphere (8.9 impact factor) on our favorite nutrient—phosphorus (P). She investigated the transport of P in soils amended various poultry litters and products such as granulated litter+urea. Here is a plot twist: Rather than adding litters on total nitrogen (N)—that’s what most of the world does—to get full N or total P, which is recommended or regulated in areas where soil P levels are high such as in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed; the poultry litters were added based on P that could be extracted with water (called water-extractable P)—why? Because water will extract a portion of P that will be taken up by plants and also lost in runoff and leaching. But lab extractions are tricky—as dictated by solid-to-water ratios. Several cool points: 1) lab extractions to determine soluble P do not simulate field rainfall events, so the ratios should be carefully used in interpreting the data and making conclusions; 2) if all litters are applied on a similar amount of P extracted with water, the risk of P loss can be easily compared and contrasted; 3) the use of granulated poultry litter + urea balances N and P so there is no surplus of P in soils and this can help prevent legacy P buildup in soils and/or could be used in moderation in regions with legacy P (to replace P taken up by crops). Side notes to all the fertilizer manufacturers: why not make fertilizer with an N:P ratio of ~8:1—that’s what most crops need? Full reference: Roswall, T., B.E. Haggard, & G.S. Toor. 2022. Fate and transformations of dissolved phosphorus forms in runoff: Effect of poultry litter and products extracted with variable water extraction ratios. Chemosphere, 308, 136220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136220  

• New Article by 1st semester PhD student Emileigh Lucas (what a great way to start grad school!) in Chemosphere (8.9 impact factor) on our favorite nutrient—phosphorus (P). She identified and quantified P minerals in legacy P soils (soils that have received way too much P over the years/decades) using a fantastic technique called XANES. She found out several cool minerals exist in both surface layer and soil sampling depth used for soil fertility analysis, in combination with calcium, iron, aluminum, and a few others (copper and manganese-based). She made anecdotal connections with water and chemical-extracted P pools. She suggested some of the minerals on the more P solubility side will control P release to crops and losses when/if soil solution P is depleted. Full reference: Lucas, E., L. Mosesso, T. Roswall, Y-Y. Yang, K. Scheckel, A. Shober, & G.S. Toor. 2022. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy reveals phosphate minerals at surface and agronomic sampling depths in agricultural Ultisols saturated with legacy phosphorus. Chemosphere, 308, 136288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136288

• New article outlining the results from a national soil fertility survey is published in a data paper. This dataset provides the current status of soil fertility testing across the US. It could be transformational in future collaborative efforts in the country to harmonize soil fertility recommendations across the state and regional boundaries. As part of the effort, information about soil test recommendations, fertilization philosophy, analytical methods, and the provenance of correlation and calibration data that support soil-test-based recommendations in US states were collected. Congrats to John Spargo from Penn State University and the FRST team led by Deanna Osmond from North Carolina State University. Here is the complete reference: Spargo, J. T., Lyons, S. E., Clark, J. D., Osmond, D. L., Parvej, R. Md., Pearce, A. W., Slaton, N. A., Saffire, D., Alford, S., Allen, T., Arnall, B., Buob, T., Camberato, J. J., Cardon, G., Culman, S, W., Davenport, J. R., Fernandez, F. G., Florence, R., Flynn, R., Franzen, D., Geisseler, D., Grove, J., Hardy, D., Heckman, J., Hopkins, B., Hoskins, B., Hue, N. V., Huluka, G., Jones, C., Jones, K., Kaiser, D. E., Kalmbach, B., Ketterings, Q. M., Laboski, C. A. M., Lessl, J., Lucas, E., Maguire, R., Mahler, R., Mallerino, A., Margenot, A., McGrath, J. M., Miller, R., Moore, A. D., Morris, T. F., Mylavarapu, R., Nathan, M., Nelson, N. O., Norton, J., Pena-Yewtukhiw, E., Pettinelli, D., Provin, T., Radin, A., Ross, D., Saunders, O., Self, J., Shober, A. L., Sonon, L., Sotomayor, D. R., Stammer, A., Steinke, K., Toor, G.S., Walworth, J., Wang, J. J., Wortmann, C., Zhang, H. (2022). A survey to evaluate the current status of land grant university and state department of agriculture soil fertility recommendations and analytical methods. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1526506

• New article by the very talented former team member Yun-Ya Yang in a highly ranked and our favorite journal, Water Research (Impact Factor: >11), uses an advanced technique (FT-ICR-MS) to determine thousands of compounds in a water sample. In this paper, we focused on how the molecular composition of dissolved organic N (DON) and P (DOP) compounds differs as agricultural runoff waters traverse complicated flow paths in a watershed. We found that most DON and DOP compounds found in runoff and surface waters were present in less-bioavailable forms (like lignin), and many more-bioavailable compounds (like proteins) were degraded as runoff waters were transported from agricultural fields to downstream waters. To our knowledge (which the reviewers and journal editors concurred), this study is the first attempt to characterize both DON and DOP in runoff and surface waters and may lead to a better understanding of the critical role of organic N and P compounds in eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and hypoxia! Full reference: Yang, Y., M. M. Tfaily, J.L. Wilmoth, & G.S. Toor. 2022. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural runoff and surface waters. Water Research, 118533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118533
   

• New article on water desalination with authors from Greece, Saudi Arabia, Korea, Egypt, Turkey, India, and China. If you enjoy history, you would probably enjoy a deep dive into the history of desalination, beginning with Bronze Age (ca. 3200 BC) to the present. The article concludes with emerging trends in desalination, driven by technology and reduced costs of producing water (via desalination) for the growing human population. Some great pictures or paintings of artwork depicting cleaning/purifying water, are included. Here is the full reference: Angelakis, A.N., M. Valipour, K.-H. Choo, A.T. Ahmed, A. Baba, R. Kumar, G.S. Toor, & Z. Wang. 2021. Desalination: From Ancient to Present and Future. Water, 13, 2222. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162222

• New article by current MS Student Taylor Roswall in Water journal questions if our currently used methods to quantify soluble phosphorus in legacy soils saturated with historical manure applications are accurate? She discovered that the current methods underestimate soluble phosphorus pools in soils, which led to developing a revised and new method, and then the new method was used to investigate soluble P in phosphorus-rich soils. Here is the full reference: Roswall, T., E. Lucas, Y. Yang, C. Burgis, Isis SPC Scott, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Hotspots of legacy phosphorus in agricultural landscapes: Revisiting water-extractable phosphorus pools in soils. Water, 13, 1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081006

• New review article on soil health is published in the Advances in Agronomy journal. Toor, G.S., Y. Yang, S. Das, S. Dorsey, & G. Felton. 2021. Soil health in agricultural ecosystems: current status and future perspectives. Advances in Agronomy, 168, 157–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2021.02.004

• New article led by Dr. Shuiwang Duan in the Water journal investigated how, when, and why phosphate-mining and agriculture affect nutrient transport and water quality in a Florida watershed, where parts of the watershed are reclaimed and still actively mined. This was a challenging and fun paper to write from the data collected by Kamaljit Banger when he was an MS student with me at the University of Florida! Here is the full reference: Duan, S., K. Banger, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Evidence of phosphate mining and agriculture influence on concentrations, forms, and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus in a Florida River. Water, 13, 1064. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081064

• New article led by Emileigh Lucas is accepted for publication in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Congratulations to Emileigh on her first first-author paper!  Lucas, E., G.S. Toor, & J. McGrath. 2021. Agronomic and environmental phosphorus decline in coastal plain soils after cessation of manure application. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 311, 107337. https://doi.org/10.​1016/​j.​agee.​2021.​107337  

• New article with Professor Zhi Li's group at Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China, on nitrate transport in rivers across Loess Plateau region, published in the Science of the Total Environment journal. Ji, W., J. Xiao, G.S. Toor, & Z. Li. 2021. Nitrate-nitrogen transport in streamwater and groundwater in a loess covered region: Sources, drivers, and spatiotemporal variation. Science of the Total Environment, 761, 143278.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143278

• New article by Dr. Yang on phosphorus transport from residential catchments to coastal waters is published in the Science of the Total Environment journal.  Yang, Y., S. Asal, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Residential catchments to coastal waters: Forms, fluxes, and mechanisms of phosphorus transport. Science of the Total Environment, 765, 142767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142767 

• New article on organic carbon in stormwater pond discharges, by former MS student Stefan Kalev and current group member Dr. Duan, is published in the Science of the Total Environment. Kalev, S., S. Duan, & G.S. Toor. 2021. Enriched dissolved organic carbon export from a residential stormwater pond. Science of the Total Environment, 751, 141773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141773

• New article on the distribution of P pools in pastures grazed by cattle, with undergraduate students, is published in the Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment journal. Toor, G.S., Y. Yang, M. Morris, P. Schwartz, Y. Darwish, G. Gaylord, & K. Webb. 2020. Phosphorus pools in soils under rotational and continuous grazed pastures. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 3: e20203. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20103

• New article on how to assess, quantify, and track soil organic carbon, by Dr. Yang and undergraduate students, is published in the Agronomy journal. Yang, Y, A. Goldsmith, I. Herold, S. Lecha, & G.S. Toor. 2020. Assessing soil organic carbon in soils to enhance and track future carbon storage. Agronomy, 10(8), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081139

• New article on organic carbon forms in stormwater runoff, by a former MS student, is published in the Water journal. Kalev, S. & G.S. Toor. 2020. Concentrations and loads of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in urban stormwater runoff. Water, 12(4), 1031; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041031

• New article on nitrogen composition and source tracking in stormwater runoff, by a former PhD student, Dr. Jani, is published in the PLoS ONE journal. Jani, J., M. Lusk, Y. Yang, & G.S. Toor. 2020. Composition of nitrogen in urban residential stormwater runoff: Concentrations, loads, and source characterization of nitrate and organic nitrogen. PLoS ONE, 15(2): e0229715. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229715   

• New article on nitrogen export from a stormwater pond, by former Ph.D. student, Dr. Jani, is published in the PLoS ONE journal. Jani, J., M. Lusk, Y.Y. Yang, & G.S. Toor. 2020. Wet season nitrogen export from a residential stormwater pond. PLoS ONE, 15(4): e0230908. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230908

• New article on organic nitrogen in stormwater runoff, by former Ph.D. student, Dr. Lusk, is published in the Science of the Total Environment journal. Lusk, M, G.S. Toor, & P. Inglett. 2020. Organic nitrogen in residential stormwater runoff: Implications for stormwater management in urban watersheds. Science of the Total Environment, 707, 135962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135962

• New Extension publication on managing grazing in pastures. Toor, G.S. & R.O. Maguire. 2023. Optimizing Grazing Management. SERA-17 Phosphorus Conservation Practices Fact Sheets. https://sera17.wordpress.ncsu.edu/optimizing-grazing-management/

• New Extension publications on reducing nutrient losses from urban landscapes. Toor, G.S. & T. Bauder. 2023. Reducing Phosphorus Runoff from Urban Landscapes. SERA-17 Phosphorus Conservation Practices Fact Sheets. https://sera17.wordpress.ncsu.edu/reducing-phosphorus-runoff-from-urban-landscapes/

• New Extension Factsheet on Soil Sampling! Soil samples provide information about the soil fertility status of a field, which is used to generate nutrient and lime recommendations and develop a farm's nutrient management plan. This factsheet outlines proper soil sampling techniques (how, when, why) to optimize crop production, minimize environmental degradation, and maximize farm profitability. Get your answers to these questions: how to take a representative soil sample, what depth to sample, should you take different samples from management zones within the same field, which time of the year should soil samples be taken? Kalmbach, B. & G.S. Toor. 2021. Soil Sampling for Optimizing Agricultural Production in Maryland. FS-1184. University of Maryland Extension, College Park, MD.

• New Extension Factsheet on Converting Soil Test Values into Maryland Index Values: what would you do if you receive a soil test report from more than two labs for the same field, where different soil tests and units are reported? And those tests/numbers may not match with the extension recommendation for the state? To facilitate an easy transfer, conversion, and interpretation of numbers across tests and units, we use a unitless “Fertility Index Value or FIV” where soil testing units for nutrients are converted into a scale of 1 to 100. Then, these are classified into four categories of low (1-25), medium (26-50), optimum (51-100), and excessive (>100). We think this makes it easy for producers, consultants, regulators, and citizens to understand and compare soil test values across different labs and years. Toor, G.S., B. Kalmbach, P. Shipley, & D. Ruppert. 2021. Converting among Soil Test Analyses Frequently Used in Maryland. SFM-4, pp4. University of Maryland Extension, College Park, MD.

• New Extension Factsheet on Nutrient Recommendations for Miscanthus. Kalmbach, B., G.S. Toor, & D. Ruppert. 2020. Soil Fertility Recommendations: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Requirements of Miscanthus. EB-443, pp 8. University of Maryland Extension, College Park, MD.